Comparison of Slope Stability Predictions Using FEM and LEM

Sternik compares limit-equilibrium (LEM) and finite-element (FEM) strength-reduction methods across a range of slope geometries, soil types and pore-pressure conditions. The study shows how LEM tends to localise failure surfaces according to prescribed slip shapes, whereas FEM SSR often predicts deeper or more complex mechanisms. Differences in calculated factors of safety are attributed to stress redistribution, shear-band development, and modelling assumptions.