Slope Stability by the Limit Equilibrium Method (pp.32–35)

This section (Huang) reviews effective-stress LEM approaches including Fellenius, normal method, treatment of phreatic surfaces, seepage, and rapid drawdown. Worked examples demonstrate calculation of W sinθ, c’·L, N’i, and the impact of pore pressure assumptions. The section reinforces Mohr–Coulomb shear strength application within LEM and the differences between total-stress and effective-stress solutions.