Limit Analysis of Soil Slopes Subjected to Pore-Water Pressures

Kim, Salgado and Yu develop a limit-analysis solution for slopes under pore-water pressure effects using plasticity theory. Their method produces rigorous lower-bound factors of safety and avoids slice-method assumptions. They derive stability conditions through pore-pressure–modified stress fields and compare results to Spencer and Morgenstern–Price, finding differences typically within 5%.