Luckman, Der Kiureghian and Sitar present a probabilistic framework for evaluating slope stability by treating soil strength, pore pressures and geometry as random variables. They derive reliability indices and failure probabilities using first-order and Monte Carlo approaches. The method demonstrates how uncertainty can significantly alter the perceived safety margin compared with deterministic analyses.
Probabilistic Slope Stability Analysis
P. Luckman; A. Der Kiureghian; N. Sitar · 1987
