Iverson evaluates how uncertainties in groundwater levels, pore-pressure measurements and seepage assumptions affect slope stability outcomes. He demonstrates that small variations in assumed groundwater conditions can produce large changes in factor of safety, particularly in materials with low effective stress margins. The paper emphasises the need for careful hydrogeologic characterization and sensitivity analysis.
Sensitivity of Stability Analyses to Groundwater Data
R. M. Iverson · 1992 · Water Resources Research
