Arellano and Stark demonstrate multiple real-world examples showing how 3D effects influence slope behaviour. They analyse waste fills, weak layers and irregular geometries, comparing 2D vs 3D results and demonstrating why 3D FOS is often higher due to limited failure extent.
Three-Dimensional Slope Stability Analyses in Practice
D. Arellano; T. D. Stark · 2000 · ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication 101
